Muscat

The Al Hajar Mountains stretch from Muscat, through northern Oman and into the United Arab Emirates. While they initially appear inhospitable and arid, they are becoming an increasingly popular destination for adventure travel. The picturesque range offers dramatic vistas of canyons, gorges, and plateaus, while the rich colours of the igneous rock formations make for unforgettable sights.Highway 15 winds up the mountains to the old city of Nizwa, home to an impressive 17th-century fort and an early-morning goat market. Nizwa makes an excellent base to explore the mountains from, including traditional villages and mudbrick towns, date plantations, and historic forts. There are a number of trekking routes ranging from three hours to multi-day hikes, and travellers can visit the famous rose gardens of the Saiq Plateau.

The Al Jalali and Al Mirani Forts were built during the Portuguese colonial rule of Oman during the 16th Century and now are beautiful windows into that era. Situated on either side of a palace, they give a fortified appearance to Muscat's harbour. The forts are examples of traditional architecture, with Al Jalali bedecked with traditional doors, rugs, and pottery.Both Al Jalali and Al Mirani have ancient war memorabilia such as armour and weapons on display. Their strategic position on a mountain overlooking the harbour gives tourists commanding views of the city and Arabian Sea below. Opening times can be fickle but many undeterred tourists enjoy the scenery from outside their walls.

Address : Qasr Al Alam Street

Opening times : Various

Admission : Free

Bahla is an ancient city in the northern part of Oman, not far from Muscat. It was founded at an oasis for caravans and travellers to stop at and rest on their desert journeys, and was the capital of Oman between the 12th and 17th Centuries.The famous Bahla Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, dates back to 1,000 BC, and remains the city's most popular attraction. Bahla has a rich tradition of pottery, and you can still see potters working at their kilns and haggling over their wares.

Even for those without an interest in Muscat's history, the Bait Al Baranda Museum presents a fascinating if long (750 million years) story of the region. The interactive exhibitions take visitors through tectonic plate shifts to recent folk art with an adherence to detail and historical fact. Instead of simply housing artefacts, the Bait Al Baranda's dynamic exhibits often require audience participation. The museum is situated in a remodelled historic building which also periodically features local contemporary art exhibits.

Address : Al Minaa Street, Muttrah

Telephone : +968 24 714262

Opening times : Open daily (except Fridays) 9am-1pm, and 4pm-6pm.

Admission : OMR 1

With a coastline stretching 1,060 miles (1,700km) along the Arabian Sea, it is unsurprising that Oman boasts a stunning array of sunny, swimmer-friendly beaches. As the Omani government seeks to promote tourism throughout the country, its beaches have become focal-points for this exercise, with more and more fun beach activities such as diving, kite-surfing, and jet-skiing being offered on its shores.There has also been a huge spike in the development of luxury beach resorts up and down the Omani coastline, offering visitors an air-conditioned retreat from the blazing sun and sand. Some of Oman's best beaches include Qurum Beach, which is located in Muscat below the Crowne Plaza Hotel. It's a beach which is perfectly set up for family vacationers, featuring picnic areas and shady palm trees.Qantab Beach, located a short drive from central Muscat, has an established local fishing trade, and tourists are strongly encouraged to take a trip out with one of the local fishermen to explore some of the area's sheltered coves and sea-caves. Finally, Marjan Beach features small coral reefs ideally suited to novice divers and snorkelers. It also boasts a lively nightlife, with several restaurants and hotels often frequented by expatriate workers in Oman.Tourists don't need to worry unduly about the dress-code for Omani beaches: western swimwear is perfectly acceptable while you're on the beach. Just make sure to cover up appropriately when you're on your way to and from your hotel or beach resort.

An attraction that offers visitors a wonderful taste of local produce is a trip to the Muttrah fish market. Every day, the market turns out a vast selection of ocean-fresh fish, squid, and crab to choose from. Visit the neighbouring vegetable market for any other fresh produce required to put together a delicious feast.

Address : Muttrah (Old Muscat)

Opening times : Daily 6:30-9am

Oman's most-visited tourist attraction, the Nizwa Fort stands as a monument to architectural ingenuity, and a fascinating record of the fort-building practices of a bygone age. The fort's underlying structure dates back to the 12th century, though it was completed by Imam Sultan bin Saif al Yaarubi in 1668 as a defence against invaders looking to exploit the region of Nizwa's valuable natural resources.The historical interest of the Nizwa Fort is significant, as it represents a major advancement in military engineering in the early days of mortar-based warfare. The centrepiece of the fort is a drum-like tower that reaches 98 feet (30m) into the air and has a circumference of 118 feet (36m), fitted with 24 openings for mortar fire.Visitors to the Nizwa Fort are allowed to freely explore the area, which consists of maze-like stairways and corridors leading to high-ceilinged rooms and terraces which afford great views of the city of Nizwa and its surrounding plains. A highly recommended tourist sight in Oman, budget at least three hours to take it all in.

Old Muttrah Souk is the most popular traditional bazaar in Muscat. The market is a small maze of narrow alleyways formed by adjoining stalls. Tourists can bargain with stall clerks over the prices of gold and silver jewellery, antiques, and other traditional goods. The market has a less forceful air than others, so visitors are free to wander at their leisure without overt pressure from touts. Although the Old Muttrah Souk is popular with tourists, locals shop here as well, giving authenticity to the market and mixing ornamental souvenirs in between household products and food.

Address : Hellat Scoral Lawatiya, Muscat

Opening times : Open 9am-1pm and 4pm-9pm Saturday through Thursday; open 9am-1pm on Fridays.

Qasr Al Alam Royal Palace is the working office for Sultan Qaboos. Built in 1972, it is flanked on each side by the ancient Al Jalali and Al Mirani Forts, making an impressive and well-fortified greeting to ships entering Muscat's harbour. Tourists are not allowed inside the classically-styled building for obvious security reasons, but it remains a popular area to walk around and to photograph.

Address : Qasr Al Alam Royal Palace Old Town

Opening times : Closed to public but always open to view from the outside

The capital of the southern-most Omani province of Dhofar, Salalah makes for a wonderful contrast to the hot, dry desert conditions that predominate throughout the country's interior. Salalah experiences a monsoon season, known as the Khareef Season, between June and September. This sees the surrounding countryside become lush and green, surprising visitors with the sight of herds of cattle calmly grazing in verdant fields.Its relatively cool climate makes Salalah a great family holiday destination in Oman and it is a great place to buy Omani souvenirs for friends and family back home. Known as the 'perfume capital of Arabia', frankincense trees line the roads in Salalah and it is unsurprising that most visitors to the region leave with an assortment of perfumes safely packed away in their luggage.Notable sights in Salalah include the al-Hisn Souq, a traditional market-place brimming with great things to buy, and the Sultan Qaboos' Palace, a graceful building that commemorates the birthplace of the current Omani leader. Salalah is also home to a gorgeous coastline, offering wonderful bird watching opportunities. Swimming and diving are also possible, but only in limited areas due to dangerously strong ocean currents.

The Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque is a new yet architecturally classic building completed in 2001, and is one of the largest mosques in the world with a capacity for 20,000 worshippers. The interior is grand and the prayer hall is home to a hand-woven Persian carpet weighing over 21 tons on the prayer floor, while an exquisite 46-foot (14m) chandelier hangs from the ceiling.This is a religious site rather than a tourist destination so visitors need to be respectful of the rules, although English-speaking guides are available to help navigate the visit. Muslims can visit any time of the day, but tourists of other faiths, while very welcome, should only come during visiting hours. Visitors are asked to dress modestly and women are required to cover their hair.

Address : Sultan Qaboos St, Muscat

Opening times : Open 8am-11am Saturday to Thursday.

All travellers to Oman, whether young or old, are strongly encouraged to make an excursion to the desert region known as the Wahiba (or Sharqiya) Sands, a surprisingly biodiverse area of 4,800 square miles (12,500 sq km) near the country's northeastern coastline.In addition to the area's abundant nature life, which includes thousands of invertebrate species, birds, and 150 species of native flora, the Wahiba Sands is also home to a Bedouin population that is becoming increasingly marginalised as the modern world exerts its influence over Oman.Visitors are able to explore the Wahiba Sands by themselves. However, a 4X4 vehicle is required to navigate the dunes and summer's heat makes the months between April and October a dangerous time to get lost. Since it's no fun getting stuck in the sand, a far more popular option is to book a tour with one of the ubiquitous tour organisations based in Muscat. Typical tour packages include 4X4 transportation through the desert (although camel rides are possible) and an overnight stay in a desert camp.Travellers who aren't looking to go off-road can also experience the Wahiba Sands on the sealed road from Al-Ashkara to Shana'a, which is still a unique and memorable desert experience.